DAMU Journal of Sports Sciences A periodical scientific journal specializing in sports sciences and subject to scientific arbitration. Issued by the Deanship of Hilla University College
The Effect of the Power-Speed Balance Method on Some Bio-Motor Abilities of the Jab Punch in Young Boxers
The significant achievements realized in various sports activities did not arise by chance nor were they accidental; rather, they were accomplished thanks to sound scientific planning and high-level management. Management has entered the core of educational institutions and sports clubs, becoming the foundation upon which infrastructure is built. The pillars of management are the lifeblood of these institutions. This study aims to shed light on the extent to which administrative bodies in these clubs possess knowledge management concepts and their ability to employ information technology to achieve high administrative efficiency that keeps pace with modern changes in the fields of management and sports. The research problem centers on the existence of a gap in administrative work among some administrative bodies of the Iraqi Stars League clubs. It can be summarized through several questions: To what extent do members of administrative bodies possess knowledge management skills? To what extent is information technology utilized in administrative work within the clubs? What is the relationship between knowledge management and administrative efficiency? What is the relationship between information technology and administrative efficiency? Do levels of administrative efficiency differ according to varying levels of knowledge management and information technology among administrators? The study aimed to develop scales (administrative efficiency, knowledge management, and information technology) for members of the administrative bodies of the Iraqi Stars League football clubs, to identify the values of each scale and their domains, to determine the relationship and contribution ratios between knowledge management and information technology in administrative efficiency, and to derive a predictive equation for this purpose.
Copyright (c) 2025 Damu Journal of Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Instructional Units According to Gagné's Model in Learning the Skill of Tackling in Football for Students
- Measuring the impact of educational units according to Gagné’s model in learning the skill of extinguishing (firefighting). - Identifying the superiority of Gagné’s model over the traditional method used in schools for learning the skill of extinguishing, for both the control and experimental research groups. To achieve reliable results, the researcher hypothesized - There are statistically significant differences between the pre-test and post-test results in learning the skill of extinguishing, favoring the post-test. - There are statistically significant differences between the control and experimental research groups in learning the skill of extinguishing, favoring the experimental group. The researcher employed the experimental method due to its suitability for the research problem. The sample consisted of 36 fourth-grade preparatory students divided into two classes: 18 students in the experimental group and 18 in the control group. The main experiment was conducted with two units per week, totaling 16 educational units. After completing the experiment, the results were analyzed using SPSS software. Based on the findings, the researcher concluded: - Gagné’s model had a positive effect on learning the skill of extinguishing among fourth-grade preparatory students at Al-Zaytoun Private School, as evidenced by comparisons between the control and experimental groups in pre-tests and post-tests. - The model facilitated interaction between students and the teacher and increased student engagement. Recommendations: - Adoption of Gagné’s model in physical education and sports science lessons for fourth-grade preparatory students.
The effect of anaerobic exercise on some physiological indicators (CPK, LDH, and LA) in under-23 football players
The research aims to prepare anaerobic exercises for young football players, to identify the effect of anaerobic exercises on the level of some physiological indicators (CPK, LDH, LA) for football players under 23 years old. The researcher used the experimental method with the experimental group as it is the most appropriate method to address the research problem. The research community consisted of football players under (23 years old) in Diyala Governorate, distributed among (4) clubs, with (72) players, distributed among the clubs (Diyala, Al-Khalis, Al-Muqdadiya, Al-Shaheed Arkan). The research sample was chosen randomly by lottery, and they were Al-Muqdadiya Sports Club players, numbering (22) players, representing (30.55%) of the original community. The researcher concluded that anaerobic exercises achieved their effectiveness, as the experimental group showed a tangible development compared to the control group, which enhances the effectiveness of anaerobic exercises directed at improving the variables (CPK, LDH, LA). The exercises also demonstrated a significant improvement in blood enzymes (CPK, The researchers also recommend focusing on anaerobic exercise aimed at improving enzymes (CPK, LDH, LA), given their role in increasing muscle endurance and improving recovery after training. They also recommend conducting periodic assessments of physiological, physical, and skill variables during the training season to monitor progress and adapt the training load to suit the players' responses. Anaerobic exercise should be adopted as an essential part of the training program for under-23 football players, given the positive results it has shown on physiological variables.
The Effect of the Herbartian Method on Students' Learning of Some Basic Football Skills
This study aimed to identify the effect of the Herbartian method on learning some basic football skills among first-year students in the Colleges of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Kufa and the Islamic University. The researcher used the experimental approach, designing two groups: a control and an experimental group. An educational program was developed according to the Herbartian method, and its impact on skills (passing, dribbling, and scoring) was measured. Pre- and post-tests were conducted, and the results showed that the experimental group outperformed the control group, confirming the effectiveness of the Herbartian method in enhancing motor skill learning. The researcher recommended adopting this method in teaching and expanding its application to other sports and age groups.
The relationship between practicing recreational sports activities and psychological well-being and sports cultural awareness among female university students
The aim of the research was to identify differences in the practice of recreational activities among female university students (practicing and non-practicing recreational sports activities), differences in psychological well-being among female university students (practicing and non-practicing recreational sports activities), differences in cultural sports awareness among female university students (practicing and non-practicing recreational sports activities), differences in cultural sports awareness among female university students (practicing and non-practicing recreational sports activities), as well as identifying the relationship between practicing recreational activities and psychological well-being among female university students (practicing and non-practicing recreational sports activities), and understanding the relationship between practicing recreational activities and cultural sports awareness among female university students (practicing and non-practicing recreational sports activities). The research sample included a number of female university students (practicing and non-practicing recreational sports activities) for the academic year 2024-2025, totaling (200) students, with (100) practicing students. For recreational sports activities, (200) female students who did not participate in recreational sports activities were included The study reached the following conclusions: -1 There were statistically significant differences between the average responses of the research sample of female university students (practicers and non-practicers of recreational sports activities), in favor of those who practiced recreational sports activities, in terms of (recreational activity objectives, recreational activity content, and overall scale). -2 There were no statistically significant differences between those who practiced and non-practicers of recreational sports activities, in terms of (recreational activity capabilities and preferred recreational activities). -3There were statistically significant differences in psychological well-being between female university students (practicers and non-practicers of recreational sports activities), in favor of those who practiced recreational sports activities, in terms of (positive self-esteem, physical health, and overall scale). -4 There were no differences between female university students (practicers and non-practicers of recreational sports activities) in terms of (social relationships and psychological happiness).
Practicing recreational sports activities
The Effect of Training on Various Surfaces on Some Kidney Function Adaptations in 1500m Runners
The research problem lies in the fact that there is variation and fluctuation in the level of achievement in middle-distance running in Iraq during local and international championships, including the 1500m event. The research aimed to: develop training sessions using various surfaces and identify the effect of these exercises on the physiological adaptations of the kidneys in 1500m runners, as well as to identify the differences between the experimental group and the control group in the pre- and post-tests. Regarding the research methodology and field procedures, the researchers used the experimental approach because it was compatible with the nature of the research problem. They also chose to design a two-group equivalent (experimental and control) design. The research community was determined from among the (8) young athletes in Najaf Governorate who competed in middle-distance running for the 2023-2024 sports season. They were randomly divided into two groups. The most important conclusions were: Exercises using various surfaces (grass, asphalt, and sand), which included numerous applications, had a significant impact on raising the level of kidney adaptations among 1500m runners.
The Effect of Special Muscle Balance Exercises on Developing Some Physical Abilities and Snatch Performance for Weightlifters (18-20) Years Old
The snatch is one of the lifts that requires muscular balance between the working muscles and the opposing muscles to contribute to the stability of the weight within the movement path that the weightlifter trains for. Therefore, the importance of the research lies in taking advantage of muscular balance and utilizing the rest period between repetitions with overlapping exercises to develop some physical abilities and achieve the snatch for young weightlifters. The research problem was identified through the researchers' observation and review of the training units and training methods used in weightlifting clubs, as there is a discrepancy in the strength levels of the muscular components between the anterior and posterior muscles among most weightlifters in Karbala Governorate. The objectives of the research were: to prepare a training curriculum for muscle balance for young lifters in the snatch lift and to identify the effect of the training curriculum for muscle balance in developing some physical abilities and achieving the snatch lift for young lifters. The researchers used the experimental method by designing equivalent groups with pre- and post-test. The researcher defined his research community as young lifters, numbering (15) lifters from the Karbala Governorate Club, then he selected (15) lifters. The researchers concluded: There is a positive effect of the training curriculum prepared for muscle balance in developing some physical abilities and achieving the snatch lift.
A comparative study of a number of biomechanical variables and accuracy between the undulating serve from a standing position and the jump serve for female volleyball players
The research aimed to identify : Evaluate a number of biomechanical variables and accuracy for the undulating -serve from a standing position and a jump in volleyball for the sample Evaluate the differences in a number of biomechanical variables and accuracy -between the undulating serve from a standing position and a jump in volleyball for the sample The researcher used the descriptive approach with a comparative method for its suitability and the nature of the research. The research sample was chosen intentionally, amounting to (6) female players representing the University of Mosul volleyball team for the academic year 2024-2025. The researcher used a number of tools, devices, measurements and tests as means of collecting data. Two (2) video cameras were used with a speed of (60) images per second with their accessories. The kinetic analysis was carried out using the (Max Track) program to reach the values of the biomechanical variables under study. attempts five were filmed for each player and for each of the undulating serve from a standing start and the undulating serve from a jump. The best attempts were chosen for analysis according to what the performance showed after the experiment was shown slowly and several times. The researcher concluded the following The kinematic variables (elbow angle, shoulder angle, and arm speed) at the moment of maximum return of the hitting arm have been effective in the overall performance of the volleyball serve, allowing for more accurate ball delivery and leveraging of this at the moment of impact to the opponent's court, favoring the undulating serve from a standing position. 2. The greater the elbow angle and the greater the distance the angularity of the shoulder joint of the hitting arm at the moment of impact to the required range of backward movement, the faster and more accurate the undulating serve will be. 3- The shorter overall time required for the undulating serve from a standing position plays a crucial role in delivering the ball to the opponent's court with greater accuracy and in less time than for the undulating serve from a jump.
Classification and Selection of Junior Basketball Players in (Sports Talent Centers) According to the Most Important Physical Determinants and Physical and Motor Abilities
In order to achieve the research objectives, which are to classify and select junior players according to the most important physical, motor, and motor abilities of junior basketball players in Iraq for the 2018-2019 sports season, the researchers had to take a set of procedures and measures to identify the factors that saturated the batteries. For this purpose, the descriptive approach was used, and the research sample was defined as (90) junior basketball players representing various specialized schools. The statistical package was used. (SPSS) was used to process statistical data after conducting physical and motor tests and body measurements. Based on the results, the following conclusions were reached: 1- In light of the measurements and tests related to the physical determinants and abilities studied, junior basketball players were classified into three categories representing playing positions. 2-As a result of the factorial study of the determinants and abilities studied, three test batteries were derived, each representing a specific category of junior basketball players. 3- By applying the derived equations to the players, taking into account their results in standard scores and percentile ranks, the selection process was completed for the most outstanding players.
2025 social values and their relationship to job performance in sports coaches from the point of view of advanced players
The aim of the research is to build a measure of social values and identify the level of social values and job performance of sports coaches from the point of view of advanced players. the research sample included Team Sports (football-volleyball-basketball – Handball) in the province of Dhi Qar, there were 60 players, and the scale was built and applied to the sample and its data was processed using the statistical bag of Social Sciences (spss).The research results showed significant differences in the level of social values in the research sample, and this is evidence that coaches are based on social and educational foundations that contribute to achieving the planned goals and the most important conclusions it is necessary for coaches to have a high degree of their ability to function and social values in creating a basis for the process of social interaction
Developing a Composite Test for Some Basic Badminton Skills for Students in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences
This research aims to develop a composite test that measures the forehand drop shot and the forehand driven shot in badminton, and to establish standard scores for the level of second-year students in these two tests The research problem can be summarized in that the available tests are often limited to measuring individual skills that do not reflect the actual performance of students during actual play. This highlights the need to design a complex test that integrates two or more skills in situations that simulate the actual performance of the game, which helps to measure students’ skills more comprehensively and accurately. The research sample was 70 students, representing 40% of the second-year students, 10 students for the pilot experiment and 60 students for the construction experiment. The necessary construction steps were carried out to produce the test in the required format. The researcher concluded that the (composite test for the skill of the drive and drop shot) was reached, which is appropriate to the environment of the students of the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences He also concluded that this test was characterized by its simplicity and lack of complexity, making it suitable for easy administration and implementation. The researcher recommended adopting the composite test as an objective, scientific assessment tool. Furthermore, it is an important factor in student selection.
The Effect of Educational Field-Specific Exercises on Developing Motor Acuity and Learning the Skill of Ladder Shooting in Basketball
This study aimed to identify the effect of educational field-specific exercises on developing motor dexterity and learning the skill of ladder shooting in basketball among a sample of students. The research problem stemmed from the difficulties faced by beginners when learning the skill of ladder shooting. They often suffer from poor motor coordination and a lack of skill in smoothly transitioning between movements, which hinders accuracy of performance and leads to a decline in the level of skill mastery. The adoption of traditional teaching methods based on mechanical repetition of skills without attention to the motor and cognitive aspects did not contribute sufficiently to developing students' performance. The sample consisted of (24) students, divided into two equal groups (experimental and control), with (12) students in each group. The researcher used the experimental method due to its suitability to the nature of the research. The experimental group underwent a program of special educational exercises designed according to scientific principles that take into account gradualism, diversity, and the relationship between motor and skill abilities, while the control group received the traditional teaching method. The results showed statistically significant differences between the two groups, in favor of the experimental group, in the variables of motor dexterity and ladder shooting. This indicates the effectiveness of special educational exercises in improving motor dexterity and the accuracy of skill performance. The researcher recommended the necessity of integrating these exercises into the training and educational curricula for the subject of physical education, especially in the early stages of learning.
The effect of stylistic training for climbing hills (short and medium distance) on strength endurance and some offensive skills in youth football
The importance of the research is evident in the advancement of football players and raising the level of muscle strength endurance that reflects its development on the offensive skill side according to the use of stylistic training in climbing hills short and medium distance that may achieve a better level. The research problem was: Muscle strength endurance is one of the most important physical abilities for football players and the player who possesses this ability is considered to have the ability to resist fatigue and continue performing and excelling in skillful performance throughout the match and even in extra time, unlike the player who does not possess it is considered one of the weakest players and must use appropriate training to raise the level of muscle strength endurance for the working muscles, which are the legs. The most important objectives of the research were: Identifying the effect of two methods of hill climbing training (short distance and medium distance) on strength endurance and some offensive skills in youth football. The most important conclusions were reached: Two methods of hill climbing training (short distance and medium distance) achieved the training goal by raising the level of strength endurance and some offensive skills in youth football. It was recommended: Adopting the two methods of hill climbing training (short distance and medium distance) as they achieved the training goal by raising the level of strength endurance and some offensive skills in youth football.
The Effect of Competitive CrossFit Exercises Using the Station Method on Developing Speed-Based Strength and Psychological Endurance among Middle School Students
The research problem was identified as the lack of modern, competitive methods among middle school students using the station method, which contribute to raising the level of physical and psychological fitness of the student. The research aims to develop a set of competitive CrossFit exercises using the station method to develop speed-based strength and psychological endurance for middle school students, and to examine the effect of competitive CrossFit exercises using the station method on developing speed-based strength and psychological endurance for middle school students. The researcher used the single experimental group method with pre- and post-tests. The process of determining the sample chosen by the researcher according to his research problem is one of the important steps to achieve his goals and hypotheses. The researcher chose his research sample from the students of Al-Hillah Intermediate School for Boys for the academic year (2024-2025), numbering (36) students, with (12) players for each stage. After that, the sample was tested with pre-tests for the researched (physical and psychological) abilities. After that, competitive CrossFit exercises were applied using the stations method, where the application period lasted two months, with (3) lessons per week, and the total curriculum amounted to (24) sessions. The researcher concluded that competitive CrossFit exercises using the stations method had a direct impact on developing the distinctive speed strength and psychological endurance of intermediate school students in Babil Governorate.
Values-Based Leadership and Its Impact on the Moral Self-Efficacy of Physical Education Supervisors in the Educational Supervision Department of the Nineveh Education Directorate
The research aimed to reveal the level of application of values-based leadership behaviors by the director of the Educational Supervision Department, and to reveal the level of possession of moral self-efficacy characteristics by physical education supervisors in the Educational Supervision Department. It also aimed to identify the nature of the relationship and impact of the educational supervision department director's possession of values-based leadership behaviors on the moral self-efficacy of physical education supervisors. The researcher relied on the descriptive approach using survey and correlation methods. The researcher defined the research community as educational supervisors working in the Educational Supervision Department of the Nineveh Education Directorate, numbering (455). The main research sample included all members of the research community using a comprehensive inventory method. To collect the necessary data for the research, the researcher conducted a survey. By preparing two questionnaires, the first to measure the level of values-based leadership of the director of the Educational Supervision Department, and the second to measure the level of moral self-efficacy of the department's physical education supervisors. After administering the two questionnaires and extracting the results, the researcher obtained a set of conclusions: - The high score on the values-based leadership questionnaire for the director of the Educational Supervision Department reflects the director's success in establishing a positive and sustainable work environment based on ethical values. This environment enhances the trust and loyalty of supervisors, improves performance and productivity, contributes to building a prestigious image for the department, and lays a strong foundation for continuous development and improvement. - The high score on the moral self-efficacy questionnaire for the physical education supervisors working in the Educational Supervision Department reflects their high level of confidence and commitment to ethical values, which qualifies them to make sound and responsible decisions that contribute to achieving the goals of physical education and promoting integrity in the educational field.
The Effect of the ADDIE Model Using Visual Reinforcement Tools on Students' Learning of Some Football Skills
The aim of the research was to develop educational units based on the ADDIE educational model using visual reinforcement tools and to identify the effect of ADDIE using visual reinforcement tools on students' learning of some football skills. The aim was to identify the superiority of the experimental and control groups in students' learning of some football skills. The researchers used the experimental approach because it suited the objectives and hypotheses of the research to the nature of the problem. The researchers defined the research community intentionally, consisting of 174 students from Al-Sudair Second Complementary School for Boys in the General Directorate of Education in Salah al-Din for the 2024-2025 academic year, divided into three classes. An experimental design was used for two equal, independent groups. The research sample was systematically randomly selected, comprising 30 students, 15 from Class A to represent the experimental group, and 15 from Class B to represent the control group. One of the most important findings of the research is the increased skill proficiency of students taught using the ADDIE model, as they demonstrated significant improvement in their skill performance in soccer compared to the other groups. This indicates the model's effectiveness in enhancing practical learning. One of the most important recommendations is to benefit from the application of the ADDIE model using visual reinforcement methods to maximize the educational process.
In order to achieve the research objectives, namely, classifying and selecting junior players according to the most important physical, motor, and motor abilities of junior basketball players in Iraq for the 2018-2019 sports season, the researchers had to take a set of procedures and measures to identify the factors that saturated the batteries. To this end, the descriptive approach was used, and the research sample was defined as (90) junior basketball players representing various specialized schools. The statistical package (SPSS) was used to process the data. Statistics after conducting physical and motor tests and body measurements. In light of the results, the following conclusions were reached: 1- In light of the measurements and tests related to the physical determinants and abilities studied, junior basketball players were classified into three categories representing the playing positions. 2- As a result of the factorial study of the determinants and abilities studied, three test batteries were derived, each representing a specific category of junior basketball players.
Administrative Empowerment of Primary School Principals and Its Relationship to Job Stability for Physical Education Teachers in the Center of Nineveh Governorate from Their Perspective
The research aimed to identify the level of administrative empowerment of primary school principals, the level of job stability of physical education teachers in the center of Nineveh Governorate, and the relationship between administrative empowerment and job stability. A descriptive survey approach was used due to its suitability to the nature of the research. The sample included physical education teachers in the center of Nineveh Governorate, numbering (409) individuals. To collect data, the researchers used two scales for administrative empowerment and job stability, after verifying their validity and reliability. The data were processed using (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentage, alpha coefficient, and Pearson correlation coefficient) using the bag. (SPSS statistics). The researchers concluded that there was a high level of administrative empowerment, an average level of job stability, and no significant relationship between the dimensions of administrative empowerment and the types of job stability. This was accompanied by a significant negative relationship between delegation of authority and administrative stability. A significant relationship also appeared between delegation of authority and financial stability, and between teamwork and both administrative and financial stability. The researchers recommend encouraging teachers to face challenges to demonstrate their empowerment, and not marginalizing teachers from the planning process and participating in decision-making to ensure their stability in school.
The Effect of Special Exercises on Developing Self-Talk and Preparation and Reception Skills in Female Volleyball Students
Self-talk is an important psychological factor that influences athletic performance, as it is used as a means of self-motivation and enhancing confidence. In team sports such as volleyball, self-talk can significantly impact individual and group performance. This research aims to study the effect of a set of exercises to help develop self-talk and basic skills for female volleyball students. The research problem was that many female students in physical education had difficulty acquiring the required basic skills and performing exercises efficiently. The researcher aimed to develop specific exercises using tools to help develop self-talk and basic volleyball skills for female students. The research population included 20 third-year female students at the College of Education for Girls. They were divided into two groups: 10 students in the experimental group and 10 students in the control group. Questionnaires were used to measure self-talk, and tests were used to assess basic skills. A training program including self-talk exercises and the skills studied was administered to the experimental group for six weeks, while the control group continued training provided by the subject instructor for the same period. The research results showed that the auxiliary exercises had a positive effect on self-talk, leading to improved basic volleyball skills. Therefore, enhancing self-talk is considered an essential part of sports training. The most important recommendations were: The auxiliary exercises proved effective in improving the level of positive self-talk among students, which positively impacted psychological and skill performance, enhancing the students' ability to perform basic volleyball skills more efficiently.
The effect of compound exercises with assistive devices on some bio motor abilities and technical performance in the 4x100m relay event for female students
During her years of study in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Kufa and her constant presence with the supervisors in field lessons, the researcher noted the presence of some obstacles in teaching the 4 x 100m relay running activity. These obstacles included the lack of support tools in the classroom, with only simple tools available. This impacted the specification of exercises by the subject's teachers. The research aims to: prepare compound exercises, provide supportive aids, and identify the effect of compound exercises using supportive aids on some biokinetic abilities and technical performance of female students in the 4 x 100m relay event. The most important conclusions are: The duration and number of units allocated to teaching the 4 x 100m relay event were sufficient to bring about positive changes in the studied research variables. The development of the research variables had a significant impact on the development of technical performance in the female students' 4 x 100m relay event. The compound exercises contributed to improving the students' muscular strength, which helps prevent common sports injuries in relay races.
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Naji Shaker Abu Ghanim
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Jassim Muhammad Al-Khalidi
The Effect of Verti Max Training on the Explosive Power and Accuracy of the Smash Skill in Volleyball Players
The Verti Max device is an effective device for sports training in all sports in general, and volleyball in particular. It works to develop the muscle's ability to contract with high intensity and also at high speed. This is suitable for performing most, if not all, modern volleyball skills, which require intense contraction and high speed, such as the volleyball smash skill. The problem lies in the fact that most coaches of this activity resort to training this skill as a single skill without linking it to another skill, or they do not choose different positions to perform this skill. We note that many players can perform one skill independently, but when linked to another skill, the level of performance decreases significantly. The research aims to develop exercises using the Verti Max device for volleyball players in the two experimental groups. The researchers used the experimental method by designing two equivalent experimental groups. The sample consisted of (12) players from the Al-Hussainiya Sports Club for the 2024-2025 season. The following conclusions were concluded: There is a clear improvement in the response speed of the experimental group compared to the control group. Verti Max exercises have a positive impact on developing the explosive power of the legs and arms of the experimental group. The combined exercises for developing the explosive power of the legs and arms led to an integrated performance of the skill of smashing and blocking, as achieved by the dimensional measurement of the experimental group.
The effect of qualitative exercises on the development of agility, motor balance and rolling skill for football players aged 11-12 years
The importance of the research lies in the use or implementation of specific exercises that vary in their performance and are expected to develop the skills of agility, motor balance, and dribbling in soccer. The research problem, through field observations and repeated observations of matches by players at a specialized school in Nasiriyah District, revealed a clear deficiency in the time coaches allocate to developing the skills of agility and motor balance. Neglecting to develop these two skills is a direct cause of players' weak ability to respond effectively to sudden situations during the match, which negatively impacts the accuracy of skill execution. The research objectives were to identify the effect of specific exercises on developing the skills of agility, motor balance, and dribbling in soccer players aged 11-12 years. The researcher used the experimental method using the two equivalent groups, control and experimental, to suit its suitability for solving the research problem. The researcher deliberately defined the research community, which is junior football players at the Specialized Football Center in Dhi Qar Governorate for the season (2023-2024), with (28) officially registered players. The researcher then selected his research sample, which numbered (20) players. One of the most important conclusions is that the qualitative exercises designed using a scientific method that is appropriate for the level of the sample and the nature of the game, and the aids used, contributed to the development of the characteristics of agility, motor balance, and dribbling skills, thus positively reflecting on the level of the members of the experimental group.
The effect of interactive speed training on the development of sensory-motor perception and volleyball reception skill for young women
The current study aimed to identify the effect of reactive speed training on developing sensorimotor perception and reception skills for young women's volleyball players at Al-Khalis Sports Club. The researcher used a single-group experimental approach with pre- and post-tests to suit the research problem. The research sample consisted of (13) young women's volleyball players at Al-Khalis Club, aged 15-17 years. (3) players were statistically excluded for non-compliance with the training sessions. The experimental group consisted of (10) players. The main experiment was conducted on the research sample for (6) weeks, with three sessions per week. After processing the results, the researcher reached the following main conclusions: Reactive speed training is highly effective in developing sensorimotor perception and reception skills in young women's volleyball. The most important recommendations were: The researcher recommends the need to consider reactive speed training in their training sessions to develop sensorimotor perception. and receiving skills.
An Analytical Study of the Performance of Arab Men's Volleyball Teams in Bahrain 2024
This study aims to analyze the performance level of the players of the three winning teams in the 23rd Arab Men's Volleyball Championship, held in the Kingdom of Bahrain in late 2024, and its relationship to the final ranking of these teams. The research problem was to identify the strengths that contributed to achieving the top positions, as well as to determine the reasons that led to the teams losing points or sets. The most important objective of the research was to present a scientific analysis of the level of effectiveness of Arab players' performance, contributing to the development of training methods by identifying the skills that most influence match results. This study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of the players' technical and skill performance in general in this tournament, in which eight teams participated, and its relationship to their rankings. The research procedures consisted of choosing a descriptive study methodology using a survey method. The study relied on the methodology Quantitative and descriptive analysis of players' technical or skill performance was conducted by collecting statistical data from matches and analyzing it using sports performance analysis software. A questionnaire was prepared to select the most important skills that influence points. From the results of the statistical analysis, the researchers concluded that there is a strong correlation between the overall skill performance efficiency and the final ranking of the teams. The researcher recommended the adoption of digital performance analysis to periodically evaluate the performance of players and teams, and to increase participation in high-level international tournaments to raise the level of exposure and benefit from advanced schools in the game.
The Effect of Compound Exercises with Assistive Devices on Developing Static and Dynamic Visual Ability and the Skill of Underhand Serving in Volleyball for Female Students
The aim of the research is to prepare compound exercises with assistive devices to develop static and dynamic visual ability and develop underhand serve in volleyball for female students. It is also to identify the effect of compound exercises with assistive devices on developing static and dynamic visual ability in female students. The researchers used the experimental method with a two-group equivalent design, as it is the most appropriate and closest to solving the research problem. The research population included (27) third-year female students in the College for Girls / Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / University of Kufa for the academic year (2024-2025). One of the researchers' most important conclusions was that the use of compound exercises using assistive devices significantly impacted the development of the skills studied in the experimental group. Furthermore, the superiority of compound exercises using assistive devices and their effectiveness over the curriculum followed in the lesson on the level of performance in the skills (under study) in volleyball was evident. Furthermore, the experimental group outperformed the control group in the post-tests (development of the visual abilities under study, technical performance, and accuracy of the skill of the underhand serve in volleyball.
Attentional Control and Its Relationship to the Serving and Receiving Skills of Female Volleyball Students in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences
The study aimed to develop exercises based on attentional control theories and determine their importance in the serving and receiving skills of female volleyball students. It also aimed to identify the impact of attentional control theories on the serving and receiving skills of female students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. It also aimed to identify the superiority in the effect between the two groups in developing attentional control and the skills of serving and receiving in volleyball for female students. The researchers used the experimental method, designing two equivalent groups (experimental and control) with pre- and post-tests, as it was appropriate for the problem under investigation and to achieve the research objectives. The researchers concluded that the method, developed in accordance with the theories of attentional control, was a key and primary factor in the experimental group's superiority over the control group in achieving the research objectives. The visual skill exercises prepared by the researchers significantly helped develop the experimental group's attentional control, and the duration of the independent variable, represented by the number of instructional units, was appropriate for creating adaptations that reflected the extent of the experimental group's development in motor response speed.
Prof. Dr. Hamid Obaid Abdul Amir Al-Kalabi
The Effect of Using Special Exercises on Developing the Speed Endurance and Achievement of the 400m Freestyle Run for Students preparatory Stage
The 400m run is of great importance because it is considered one of the most powerful runs in track and field events, requiring a high degree of speed, endurance, and strength. The 400m race is also considered a race in which running or sprinting is performed at a high speed, less than the maximum. Hence, the importance of the research lies in the use of this proposed approach, which develops the speed endurance of the 400m run for fourth-year preparatory students, given that this age group is close to that of junior athletes. Furthermore, the physical structure and growth of students at this stage are receptive to all physiological changes that occur to the body from... As a result of the loading programs in the exercises they apply, the research problem emerged from studying the level of speed endurance in the 400m freestyle event for juniors and its importance in developing the study of this phenomenon among students. This phenomenon requires focus from the coach and athlete in implementing the given training modules. Furthermore, the characteristic of speed endurance is considered the backbone of achieving good performance in the 400m race. It was noted that it is not possible for junior runners, as well as student competitors, to continue from the end of the race to the end at the desired level. This indicates a deficiency in the characteristic of speed endurance among junior runners and students, which prompted us to address it in this research. The researcher used the experimental method due to its suitability for the nature of the research. The research sample was deliberately selected, and its number reached (6) individuals. The most important results were: 1-The training curriculum prepared by the researcher had a clear impact on developing the research sample's performance in the 400m freestyle. The training curriculum was appropriate for developing the characteristic of "speed endurance," which led to improved performance.
The Effect of Tactical Exercises Based on the Sensory Representational System on Students' Learning of Some Basic Soccer Skills
The sensory representational system is one of the most recent educational methods that relies on classifying learners according to their different sensory patterns, including visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. The sensory pattern is considered one of the most influential patterns in sports learning and is an essential element that improves the ability to execute movements smoothly and accurately. Based on this importance, this research seeks to develop tactical exercises based on the sensory representational system. Many traditional educational programs may not take into account individual differences in learners' sensory representational patterns, which may lead to failure to achieve maximum benefit. Hence, the problem of the study arises in the following question: Do tactical educational exercises based on the sensory representational system have an impact on learning some basic soccer skills? The experimental approach was used on a sample of physical education college students with a sensory preference. The study employed tactical exercises based on the sensory representational system to teach the students some basic soccer skills. The results showed significant differences between the pre- and post-tests in skills. Based on these results, it can be said that tactical exercises based on the sensory system have proven effective in developing soccer skills, making them a powerful training tool that can be utilized in learner development programs.
The Effect of a Comprehensive Instructional Design on Developing the Performance of the Overhand Serve (Tennis) and Court Defense Skills in Volleyball
The study aimed to investigate the impact of a comprehensive instructional design through educational units aimed at developing students' performance in basic skills, including the overhand serve and court defense. The research problem was identified through the volleyball specialty. Weaknesses in the skills of serving and court defense were identified. In order to master these two skills, the researcher proceeded through the instructional units and a comprehensive instructional design to master these two important skills, and to ensure that students master them. Second-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Al-Qasim Green University formed the research population and sample. The study involved twenty-four students for the 2024-2025 academic year. Using an experimental approach and consistent with the study's objectives, the researcher concluded that comprehensive educational design positively impacts students' development of the skills of overhand serve (tennis) and court defense. He recommends applying this approach across all age groups to prepare a generation proficient in these two skills.
Organizational Citizenship Behavior as a Relationship to Job Satisfaction among Handball Teachers in Colleges and Departments of Physical Education and Sports Science
scientific foundations, relying on modern administrative methods that ensure the provision of public services in the shortest possible time and at the lowest possible cost. If we want sports to flourish and advance, it must adopt the path of science, and management is one of the fundamental scientific pillars upon which all countries of the world rely. The objectives of the research were to develop measures of organizational citizenship behavior and satisfaction, to identify organizational citizenship behavior and job satisfaction among handball teachers in colleges and departments of physical education at Iraqi universities, and to determine the correlation between the variables. The researchers used the descriptive approach using a survey method, correlational relationships, and predictive studies. The research community included all handball professors in the colleges and departments of physical education and sports sciences in Iraqi universities for the academic year (2024-2025), totaling (140) professors. One of the most important conclusions of the researchers is that handball professors in the colleges and departments of physical education and sports sciences in Iraqi universities have similar scores in organizational citizenship behavior and job satisfaction, as well as the existence of a positive correlation between organizational citizenship behavior and job satisfaction among professors.