Damu Journal of Sport Sciences
type: channel
description: DAMU Journal of Sports Sciences A periodical scientific journal specializing in sports sciences and subject to scientific arbitration. Issued by the Deanship of Hilla University College
publisher: Hilla University
language: en
publication name: Damu Journal of Sport Sciences
issn: 3005-8236
items: The Effect of Using Special Exercises on Learning Some Basic Tennis Skills Among Students
items: Administrative performance in managing and organizing sports tournaments in the School Sports Division in Diyala Governorate
items: The Effect of a Training Method Based on Trial-and-Error Learning and Reinforcement Schedules on Mindfulness and Learning the Shooting Skill in Football among Students
items: The role of handball sports activities in developing positive resilience and optimism for sixth-grade students
items: The Relative Contribution of Agility and Balance to Shooting Accuracy Performance in Football among Youth Players
items: The Effect of the Power-Speed Balance Method on Some Bio-Motor Abilities of the Jab Punch in Young Boxers
items: The Effect of Instructional Units According to Gagné's Model in Learning the Skill of Tackling in Football for Students
items: The effect of anaerobic exercise on some physiological indicators (CPK, LDH, and LA) in under-23 football players
items: The Effect of the Herbartian Method on Students' Learning of Some Basic Football Skills
items: The relationship between practicing recreational sports activities and psychological well-being and sports cultural awareness among female university students
items: The Effect of Training on Various Surfaces on Some Kidney Function Adaptations in 1500m Runners
items: The Effect of Special Muscle Balance Exercises on Developing Some Physical Abilities and Snatch Performance for Weightlifters (18-20) Years Old
items: A comparative study of a number of biomechanical variables and accuracy between the undulating serve from a standing position and the jump serve for female volleyball players
items: Classification and Selection of Junior Basketball Players in (Sports Talent Centers) According to the Most Important Physical Determinants and Physical and Motor Abilities
items: 2025 social values and their relationship to job performance in sports coaches from the point of view of advanced players
items: Developing a Composite Test for Some Basic Badminton Skills for Students in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences
items: The Effect of Educational Field-Specific Exercises on Developing Motor Acuity and Learning the Skill of Ladder Shooting in Basketball
items: The effect of stylistic training for climbing hills (short and medium distance) on strength endurance and some offensive skills in youth football
items: The Effect of Competitive CrossFit Exercises Using the Station Method on Developing Speed-Based Strength and Psychological Endurance among Middle School Students
items: Values-Based Leadership and Its Impact on the Moral Self-Efficacy of Physical Education Supervisors in the Educational Supervision Department of the Nineveh Education Directorate
items: The Effect of the ADDIE Model Using Visual Reinforcement Tools on Students' Learning of Some Football Skills
items: Administrative Empowerment of Primary School Principals and Its Relationship to Job Stability for Physical Education Teachers in the Center of Nineveh Governorate from Their Perspective
items: The Effect of Special Exercises on Developing Self-Talk and Preparation and Reception Skills in Female Volleyball Students
items: The effect of compound exercises with assistive devices on some bio motor abilities and technical performance in the 4x100m relay event for female students
items: The Effect of Verti Max Training on the Explosive Power and Accuracy of the Smash Skill in Volleyball Players
items: The effect of qualitative exercises on the development of agility, motor balance and rolling skill for football players aged 11-12 years
items: The effect of interactive speed training on the development of sensory-motor perception and volleyball reception skill for young women
items: An Analytical Study of the Performance of Arab Men's Volleyball Teams in Bahrain 2024
items: The Effect of Compound Exercises with Assistive Devices on Developing Static and Dynamic Visual Ability and the Skill of Underhand Serving in Volleyball for Female Students

The Effect of Using Special Exercises on Learning Some Basic Tennis Skills Among Students
type: item
description: The study aims to examine the effect of using special exercises on learning some basic tennis skills among students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Bilad Al-Rafidain, specifically the skills of serving, forehand, and backhand groundstrokes. The researcher employed the experimental method using a two-group design (experimental and control) with pre- and post-tests, applied to a randomly selected sample of 40 students. The experimental group underwent an instructional program consisting of 18 teaching units that incorporated special exercises based on motor learning principles, while the control group followed the traditional curriculum used in the college. Statistical analysis results revealed significant differences in favor of the experimental group in the post-tests, indicating the effectiveness of the special exercises in improving students’ technical performance. The findings confirmed that gradual progression in difficulty and variation in learning situations contributed to enhancing learning efficiency and developing motor and skill abilities. The researcher recommended adopting these exercises in tennis instruction and integrating them into future academic and training programs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Special Exercises
  topic: keywords
subject: Basic Tennis Skills
  topic: keywords
subject: Serve
  topic: keywords
creator: Asst. Dr. Muhand Najaf Habib Shallal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Damu Journal of Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-25
publication date: 2026-01-25
starting page: 68
ending page: 83
doi: 10.64002/ywgx0d72

Administrative performance in managing and organizing sports tournaments in the School Sports Division in Diyala Governorate
type: item
description: The research aims to identify the level of administrative performance among employees in the School Sports Division in managing and organizing sports tournaments, and how to manage them. The research problem lies in the limited human and material resources needed to meet tournament requirements and the disparity in the level of competence of the administrative cadres supervising implementation. The researcher used a descriptive survey approach because it is the most appropriate and closest to solving the problem. The questionnaire was considered the primary tool through which results could be reached. The research targeted a sample of (50) employees working in the School Sports Division. Data was collected through a questionnaire designed for this purpose. The research results showed that the level of administrative performance in the School Sports Division in Diyala Governorate varies between organizational and technical aspects, with greater emphasis on the executive aspect than on advance planning. The research also revealed that the administrative organization of sports tournaments relies largely on the personal experience of some employees rather than on written, institutional plans and strategies, which reduces the sustainability of the quality of administrative performance. Considering the findings, the researcher recommends the development of detailed, written strategic plans for organizing school sports tournaments, clearly defining the objectives, methods, and timetable. Specialized educational personnel in sports management and organizations, including physical education teachers and experienced professionals, should be involved to ensure higher quality administrative performance.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: administrative performance efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: school principals
  topic: keywords
subject: physical education teachers
  topic: keywords
creator: Asst. Dr. Mu'ayyad Majeed Ismail Ibrahim
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Damu Journal of Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-25
publication date: 2026-01-25
starting page: 50
ending page: 67
doi: 10.64002/an6dnd17

The Effect of a Training Method Based on Trial-and-Error Learning and Reinforcement Schedules on Mindfulness and Learning the Shooting Skill in Football among Students
type: item
description: The importance of this research lies in the fact that diversity in methods and approaches used in the educational process is essential for enhancing students’ learning experiences. The researcher sought to combine the training method with learning through trial and error on one hand, and the training method with learning through reinforcement schedules on the other. The training method based on trial and error gives students sufficient opportunity to make decisions during practice and the freedom to choose their position and environment. It also allows each student to learn according to their own abilities by attempting to correct mistakes through repeated trials. This gradual learning process enhances learners’ motivation and mental awareness during learning. As for the training method based on reinforcement schedules, students receive reinforcement through direct feedback from the instructor. This feedback serves both educational and reinforcing purposes, strengthening students’ behaviors and helping maintain their persistence and resistance to extinction. Thus, both methods stimulate learners’ mental awareness and encourage them to continue improving their shooting Skills in football.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Training method
  topic: keywords
subject: Trial and Error
  topic: keywords
subject: Reinforcement
  topic: keywords
creator: Jabar Faleh Hazbar
creator: Prof. Dr. Furat Jabar
creator: Prof. Dr. Adel Abbas Dhiab
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Damu Journal of Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-25
publication date: 2026-01-25
starting page: 29
ending page: 49
doi: 10.64002/f01p5m18

The role of handball sports activities in developing positive resilience and optimism for sixth-grade students
type: item
description: The research has practical importance in terms of the possibility of employing its results by school administrations, the Ministry of Education, and supervisors of extracurricular activities, to develop purposeful educational sports programs that enhance the psychological health of students. In light of the increasing global interest in positive education, this research contributes to enriching local and Arab literature by presenting a research model that combines physical education and psychological support, and aims to identify (the level of positive resilience and optimism for sixth-grade students, the role of sports activities in developing positive resilience and optimism for sixth-grade students). The community of this research was determined intentionally, which is the sixth-grade students in the Hashemite sector schools, numbering (10) secondary schools, for their cooperation in a way that serves the research. The research sample consisted of (780) students, including a constructive sample, while the experimental sample was divided into two groups, one experimental and the other a control group, each of which included (30 students) for their cooperation in a way that serves the research. The researcher adopted the scale of positive resilience and optimism.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Positive Flexibility
  topic: keywords
subject: Sports Activities
  topic: keywords
subject: Handball
  topic: keywords
creator: Asst. Lecturer Alaa Ali Wadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Damu Journal of Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-25
publication date: 2026-01-25
starting page: 15
ending page: 28
doi: 10.64002/60k6em45

The Relative Contribution of Agility and Balance to Shooting Accuracy Performance in Football among Youth Players
type: item
description: The accuracy of shooting depends on the integration of a set of abilities and components that support the player’s attainment of the optimal position when striking the ball toward the goal. Among these abilities, agility and dynamic balance stand out as two essential factors that enable the player to move smoothly, change direction rapidly when facing defensive pressure, and maintain body stability to complete the final shooting action with the highest possible accuracy. The importance of this study lies in examining the relative contribution of agility and balance to the changes that occur in shooting accuracy among football players. The study aims to identify the relationship between agility, dynamic balance, and shooting accuracy performance in football among youth players. The research population consisted of youth football players from the Gardens of Babylon Sports Club in Babil Governorate for the 2025 sports season. Due to the limited size of the research population, which comprised (27) players, the researchers reached the following conclusions: Youth players possess good levels of agility and balance, which positively reflect on their performance in shooting accuracy. There is a very strong positive relationship between agility and shooting accuracy, as agility explains approximately 75.5% of the variance in shooting performance
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Relative contribution of agility and balance
  topic: keywords
subject: Shooting accuracy
  topic: keywords
subject: Youth football players
  topic: keywords
creator: Asst. Prof. Dr. Wahab Razzaq Jabr
creator: Asst. Lecturer Ahmed Hamid Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Damu Journal of Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-25
publication date: 2026-01-25
starting page: 6
ending page: 14
doi: 10.64002/v1entq75

The Effect of the Power-Speed Balance Method on Some Bio-Motor Abilities of the Jab Punch in Young Boxers
type: item
description: The significant achievements realized in various sports activities did not arise by chance nor were they accidental; rather, they were accomplished thanks to sound scientific planning and high-level management. Management has entered the core of educational institutions and sports clubs, becoming the foundation upon which infrastructure is built. The pillars of management are the lifeblood of these institutions. This study aims to shed light on the extent to which administrative bodies in these clubs possess knowledge management concepts and their ability to employ information technology to achieve high administrative efficiency that keeps pace with modern changes in the fields of management and sports. The research problem centers on the existence of a gap in administrative work among some administrative bodies of the Iraqi Stars League clubs. It can be summarized through several questions: To what extent do members of administrative bodies possess knowledge management skills? To what extent is information technology utilized in administrative work within the clubs? What is the relationship between knowledge management and administrative efficiency? What is the relationship between information technology and administrative efficiency? Do levels of administrative efficiency differ according to varying levels of knowledge management and information technology among administrators? The study aimed to develop scales (administrative efficiency, knowledge management, and information technology) for members of the administrative bodies of the Iraqi Stars League football clubs, to identify the values of each scale and their domains, to determine the relationship and contribution ratios between knowledge management and information technology in administrative efficiency, and to derive a predictive equation for this purpose.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: psychomotor abilities
  topic: keywords
subject: sports activities
  topic: keywords
subject: boxing
  topic: keywords
creator: Ahmed Aziz Hassan
creator: Prof. Dr.Abbas Mahdi Salih
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Damu Journal of Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-25
publication date: 2025-10-25
starting page: 151
ending page: 175
doi: 10.64002/mdtmpt32

The Effect of Instructional Units According to Gagné's Model in Learning the Skill of Tackling in Football for Students
type: item
description: - Measuring the impact of educational units according to Gagné’s model in learning the skill of extinguishing (firefighting). - Identifying the superiority of Gagné’s model over the traditional method used in schools for learning the skill of extinguishing, for both the control and experimental research groups. To achieve reliable results, the researcher hypothesized - There are statistically significant differences between the pre-test and post-test results in learning the skill of extinguishing, favoring the post-test. - There are statistically significant differences between the control and experimental research groups in learning the skill of extinguishing, favoring the experimental group. The researcher employed the experimental method due to its suitability for the research problem. The sample consisted of 36 fourth-grade preparatory students divided into two classes: 18 students in the experimental group and 18 in the control group. The main experiment was conducted with two units per week, totaling 16 educational units. After completing the experiment, the results were analyzed using SPSS software. Based on the findings, the researcher concluded: - Gagné’s model had a positive effect on learning the skill of extinguishing among fourth-grade preparatory students at Al-Zaytoun Private School, as evidenced by comparisons between the control and experimental groups in pre-tests and post-tests. - The model facilitated interaction between students and the teacher and increased student engagement. Recommendations: - Adoption of Gagné’s model in physical education and sports science lessons for fourth-grade preparatory students.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Reaction speed
  topic: keywords
subject: sensorimotor perception
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdulrahman Ismail Abd
creator: Prof. Dr. Israa Yaseen Abdulkarim
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Damu Journal of Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-25
publication date: 2025-10-25
starting page: 149
ending page: 150
doi: 10.64002/w57bcc09

The effect of anaerobic exercise on some physiological indicators (CPK, LDH, and LA) in under-23 football players
type: item
description: The research aims to prepare anaerobic exercises for young football players, to identify the effect of anaerobic exercises on the level of some physiological indicators (CPK, LDH, LA) for football players under 23 years old. The researcher used the experimental method with the experimental group as it is the most appropriate method to address the research problem. The research community consisted of football players under (23 years old) in Diyala Governorate, distributed among (4) clubs, with (72) players, distributed among the clubs (Diyala, Al-Khalis, Al-Muqdadiya, Al-Shaheed Arkan). The research sample was chosen randomly by lottery, and they were Al-Muqdadiya Sports Club players, numbering (22) players, representing (30.55%) of the original community. The researcher concluded that anaerobic exercises achieved their effectiveness, as the experimental group showed a tangible development compared to the control group, which enhances the effectiveness of anaerobic exercises directed at improving the variables (CPK, LDH, LA). The exercises also demonstrated a significant improvement in blood enzymes (CPK, The researchers also recommend focusing on anaerobic exercise aimed at improving enzymes (CPK, LDH, LA), given their role in increasing muscle endurance and improving recovery after training. They also recommend conducting periodic assessments of physiological, physical, and skill variables during the training season to monitor progress and adapt the training load to suit the players' responses. Anaerobic exercise should be adopted as an essential part of the training program for under-23 football players, given the positive results it has shown on physiological variables.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Anaerobic exercise
  topic: keywords
subject: CPK
  topic: keywords
subject: LDH
  topic: keywords
creator: Asst. Lect. Hussein Ali Hussein
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Damu Journal of Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-25
publication date: 2025-10-25
starting page: 117
ending page: 128
doi: 10.64002/mcya5589

The Effect of the Herbartian Method on Students' Learning of Some Basic Football Skills
type: item
description: This study aimed to identify the effect of the Herbartian method on learning some basic football skills among first-year students in the Colleges of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Kufa and the Islamic University. The researcher used the experimental approach, designing two groups: a control and an experimental group. An educational program was developed according to the Herbartian method, and its impact on skills (passing, dribbling, and scoring) was measured. Pre- and post-tests were conducted, and the results showed that the experimental group outperformed the control group, confirming the effectiveness of the Herbartian method in enhancing motor skill learning. The researcher recommended adopting this method in teaching and expanding its application to other sports and age groups.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Herbartian method
  topic: keywords
subject: learning basic skills, football
  topic: keywords
subject: university students
  topic: keywords
creator: Zaid Muhammad Sahib
creator: Asst. Prof. Ali Sadiq Shaker Al-Sahlawi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Damu Journal of Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-25
publication date: 2025-10-25
starting page: 94
ending page: 116
doi: 10.64002/6r3ga677

The relationship between practicing recreational sports activities and psychological well-being and sports cultural awareness among female university students
type: item
description: The aim of the research was to identify differences in the practice of recreational activities among female university students (practicing and non-practicing recreational sports activities), differences in psychological well-being among female university students (practicing and non-practicing recreational sports activities), differences in cultural sports awareness among female university students (practicing and non-practicing recreational sports activities), differences in cultural sports awareness among female university students (practicing and non-practicing recreational sports activities), as well as identifying the relationship between practicing recreational activities and psychological well-being among female university students (practicing and non-practicing recreational sports activities), and understanding the relationship between practicing recreational activities and cultural sports awareness among female university students (practicing and non-practicing recreational sports activities). The research sample included a number of female university students (practicing and non-practicing recreational sports activities) for the academic year 2024-2025, totaling (200) students, with (100) practicing students. For recreational sports activities, (200) female students who did not participate in recreational sports activities were included The study reached the following conclusions: -1 There were statistically significant differences between the average responses of the research sample of female university students (practicers and non-practicers of recreational sports activities), in favor of those who practiced recreational sports activities, in terms of (recreational activity objectives, recreational activity content, and overall scale). -2 There were no statistically significant differences between those who practiced and non-practicers of recreational sports activities, in terms of (recreational activity capabilities and preferred recreational activitie…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Practicing recreational sports activities
  topic: keywords
subject: psychological well-being
  topic: keywords
subject: cultural awareness of sports.
  topic: keywords
creator: Asst. Dr. Ikhlas Sabah Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Damu Journal of Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-25
publication date: 2025-10-25
starting page: 80
ending page: 93
doi: 10.64002/417js889

The Effect of Training on Various Surfaces on Some Kidney Function Adaptations in 1500m Runners
type: item
description: The research problem lies in the fact that there is variation and fluctuation in the level of achievement in middle-distance running in Iraq during local and international championships, including the 1500m event. The research aimed to: develop training sessions using various surfaces and identify the effect of these exercises on the physiological adaptations of the kidneys in 1500m runners, as well as to identify the differences between the experimental group and the control group in the pre- and post-tests. Regarding the research methodology and field procedures, the researchers used the experimental approach because it was compatible with the nature of the research problem. They also chose to design a two-group equivalent (experimental and control) design. The research community was determined from among the (8) young athletes in Najaf Governorate who competed in middle-distance running for the 2023-2024 sports season. They were randomly divided into two groups. The most important conclusions were: Exercises using various surfaces (grass, asphalt, and sand), which included numerous applications, had a significant impact on raising the level of kidney adaptations among 1500m runners.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Training on various surfaces
  topic: keywords
subject: kidney function adaptations
  topic: keywords
subject: 1500m runners
  topic: keywords
creator: Asst. Lect. Hazem Faris Nehme
creator: Prof. Dr. Haider Fayyadh Al-Amiri
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Damu Journal of Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-25
publication date: 2025-10-25
starting page: 66
ending page: 79
doi: 10.64002/h074ej84

The Effect of Special Muscle Balance Exercises on Developing Some Physical Abilities and Snatch Performance for Weightlifters (18-20) Years Old
type: item
description: The snatch is one of the lifts that requires muscular balance between the working muscles and the opposing muscles to contribute to the stability of the weight within the movement path that the weightlifter trains for. Therefore, the importance of the research lies in taking advantage of muscular balance and utilizing the rest period between repetitions with overlapping exercises to develop some physical abilities and achieve the snatch for young weightlifters. The research problem was identified through the researchers' observation and review of the training units and training methods used in weightlifting clubs, as there is a discrepancy in the strength levels of the muscular components between the anterior and posterior muscles among most weightlifters in Karbala Governorate. The objectives of the research were: to prepare a training curriculum for muscle balance for young lifters in the snatch lift and to identify the effect of the training curriculum for muscle balance in developing some physical abilities and achieving the snatch lift for young lifters. The researchers used the experimental method by designing equivalent groups with pre- and post-test. The researcher defined his research community as young lifters, numbering (15) lifters from the Karbala Governorate Club, then he selected (15) lifters. The researchers concluded: There is a positive effect of the training curriculum prepared for muscle balance in developing some physical abilities and achieving the snatch lift.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Special exercises for muscle balance
  topic: keywords
subject: physical abilities
  topic: keywords
subject: snatch lift
  topic: keywords
creator: Asst. Lect. Akram Jabbar Razzaq
creator: Asst. Lect. Adi Fadhel Hamad
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Damu Journal of Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-25
publication date: 2025-10-25
starting page: 42
ending page: 66
doi: 10.64002/fg2e1f24

A comparative study of a number of biomechanical variables and accuracy between the undulating serve from a standing position and the jump serve for female volleyball players
type: item
description: The research aimed to identify : Evaluate a number of biomechanical variables and accuracy for the undulating -serve from a standing position and a jump in volleyball for the sample Evaluate the differences in a number of biomechanical variables and accuracy -between the undulating serve from a standing position and a jump in volleyball for the sample The researcher used the descriptive approach with a comparative method for its suitability and the nature of the research. The research sample was chosen intentionally, amounting to (6) female players representing the University of Mosul volleyball team for the academic year 2024-2025. The researcher used a number of tools, devices, measurements and tests as means of collecting data. Two (2) video cameras were used with a speed of (60) images per second with their accessories. The kinetic analysis was carried out using the (Max Track) program to reach the values of the biomechanical variables under study. attempts five were filmed for each player and for each of the undulating serve from a standing start and the undulating serve from a jump. The best attempts were chosen for analysis according to what the performance showed after the experiment was shown slowly and several times. The researcher concluded the following The kinematic variables (elbow angle, shoulder angle, and arm speed) at the moment of maximum return of the hitting arm have been effective in the overall performance of the volleyball serve, allowing for more accurate ball delivery and leveraging of this at the moment of impact to the opponent's court, favoring the undulating serve from a standing position. 2. The greater the elbow angle and the greater the distance the angularity of the shoulder joint of the hitting arm at the moment of impact to the required range of backward movement, the faster and more accurate the undulating serve will be. 3- The shorter overall time required for the undulating serve from a standing position plays a crucial role in…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: standing undulation serve
  topic: keywords
subject: jump undulation serve
  topic: keywords
subject: biomechanical variables
  topic: keywords
creator: Asst. Prof. Dr. Nawaf Awaid Abood
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Damu Journal of Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-25
publication date: 2025-10-25
starting page: 23
ending page: 41
doi: 10.64002/dve7qg63

Classification and Selection of Junior Basketball Players in (Sports Talent Centers) According to the Most Important Physical Determinants and Physical and Motor Abilities
type: item
description: In order to achieve the research objectives, which are to classify and select junior players according to the most important physical, motor, and motor abilities of junior basketball players in Iraq for the 2018-2019 sports season, the researchers had to take a set of procedures and measures to identify the factors that saturated the batteries. For this purpose, the descriptive approach was used, and the research sample was defined as (90) junior basketball players representing various specialized schools. The statistical package was used. (SPSS) was used to process statistical data after conducting physical and motor tests and body measurements. Based on the results, the following conclusions were reached: 1- In light of the measurements and tests related to the physical determinants and abilities studied, junior basketball players were classified into three categories representing playing positions. 2-As a result of the factorial study of the determinants and abilities studied, three test batteries were derived, each representing a specific category of junior basketball players. 3- By applying the derived equations to the players, taking into account their results in standard scores and percentile ranks, the selection process was completed for the most outstanding players.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Classification and selection of juniors
  topic: keywords
subject: physical determinants
  topic: keywords
subject: physical and motor abilities
  topic: keywords
creator: Asst. Dr. Muhammad Hassan Shaalan
creator: Asst. Lect. Marwan Majid Hamid
creator: Dr. Shihab Ahmed Nemah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Damu Journal of Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-25
publication date: 2025-10-25
starting page: 04
ending page: 22
doi: 10.64002/px73hs27

2025 social values and their relationship to job performance in sports coaches from the point of view of advanced players
type: item
description: The aim of the research is to build a measure of social values and identify the level of social values and job performance of sports coaches from the point of view of advanced players. the research sample included Team Sports (football-volleyball-basketball – Handball) in the province of Dhi Qar, there were 60 players, and the scale was built and applied to the sample and its data was processed using the statistical bag of Social Sciences (spss).The research results showed significant differences in the level of social values in the research sample, and this is evidence that coaches are based on social and educational foundations that contribute to achieving the planned goals and the most important conclusions it is necessary for coaches to have a high degree of their ability to function and social values in creating a basis for the process of social interaction
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Job performance
  topic: keywords
subject: social values
  topic: keywords
subject: team games
  topic: keywords
creator: Asst. Ali Naeem Sultan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Damu Journal of Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-25
publication date: 2025-10-25
starting page: 129
ending page: 139
doi: 10.64002/xjd18m48

Developing a Composite Test for Some Basic Badminton Skills for Students in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences
type: item
description: This research aims to develop a composite test that measures the forehand drop shot and the forehand driven shot in badminton, and to establish standard scores for the level of second-year students in these two tests The research problem can be summarized in that the available tests are often limited to measuring individual skills that do not reflect the actual performance of students during actual play. This highlights the need to design a complex test that integrates two or more skills in situations that simulate the actual performance of the game, which helps to measure students’ skills more comprehensively and accurately. The research sample was 70 students, representing 40% of the second-year students, 10 students for the pilot experiment and 60 students for the construction experiment. The necessary construction steps were carried out to produce the test in the required format. The researcher concluded that the (composite test for the skill of the drive and drop shot) was reached, which is appropriate to the environment of the students of the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences He also concluded that this test was characterized by its simplicity and lack of complexity, making it suitable for easy administration and implementation. The researcher recommended adopting the composite test as an objective, scientific assessment tool. Furthermore, it is an important factor in student selection.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: basic skills
  topic: keywords
subject: badminton
  topic: keywords
subject: Test building
  topic: keywords
creator: Asst. Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ali Jalal
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Damu Journal of Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-25
publication date: 2025-08-25
starting page: 724
ending page: 734
doi: 10.64002/2n262422

The Effect of Educational Field-Specific Exercises on Developing Motor Acuity and Learning the Skill of Ladder Shooting in Basketball
type: item
description: This study aimed to identify the effect of educational field-specific exercises on developing motor dexterity and learning the skill of ladder shooting in basketball among a sample of students. The research problem stemmed from the difficulties faced by beginners when learning the skill of ladder shooting. They often suffer from poor motor coordination and a lack of skill in smoothly transitioning between movements, which hinders accuracy of performance and leads to a decline in the level of skill mastery. The adoption of traditional teaching methods based on mechanical repetition of skills without attention to the motor and cognitive aspects did not contribute sufficiently to developing students' performance. The sample consisted of (24) students, divided into two equal groups (experimental and control), with (12) students in each group. The researcher used the experimental method due to its suitability to the nature of the research. The experimental group underwent a program of special educational exercises designed according to scientific principles that take into account gradualism, diversity, and the relationship between motor and skill abilities, while the control group received the traditional teaching method. The results showed statistically significant differences between the two groups, in favor of the experimental group, in the variables of motor dexterity and ladder shooting. This indicates the effectiveness of special educational exercises in improving motor dexterity and the accuracy of skill performance. The researcher recommended the necessity of integrating these exercises into the training and educational curricula for the subject of physical education, especially in the early stages of learning.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: educational exercises
  topic: keywords
subject: educational field
  topic: keywords
subject: motor dexterity
  topic: keywords
creator: Prof. Dr. Muhammad Shihab Ahmed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Damu Journal of Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-25
publication date: 2025-08-25
starting page: 710
ending page: 723
doi: 10.64002/q336ft85

The effect of stylistic training for climbing hills (short and medium distance) on strength endurance and some offensive skills in youth football
type: item
description: The importance of the research is evident in the advancement of football players and raising the level of muscle strength endurance that reflects its development on the offensive skill side according to the use of stylistic training in climbing hills short and medium distance that may achieve a better level. The research problem was: Muscle strength endurance is one of the most important physical abilities for football players and the player who possesses this ability is considered to have the ability to resist fatigue and continue performing and excelling in skillful performance throughout the match and even in extra time, unlike the player who does not possess it is considered one of the weakest players and must use appropriate training to raise the level of muscle strength endurance for the working muscles, which are the legs. The most important objectives of the research were: Identifying the effect of two methods of hill climbing training (short distance and medium distance) on strength endurance and some offensive skills in youth football. The most important conclusions were reached: Two methods of hill climbing training (short distance and medium distance) achieved the training goal by raising the level of strength endurance and some offensive skills in youth football. It was recommended: Adopting the two methods of hill climbing training (short distance and medium distance) as they achieved the training goal by raising the level of strength endurance and some offensive skills in youth football.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hill climbing training
  topic: keywords
subject: offensive skills in football
  topic: keywords
subject: strength endurance
  topic: keywords
creator: Asst. Dr. Ali Mohammed Jaber
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Damu Journal of Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-25
publication date: 2024-12-25
starting page: 684
ending page: 896
doi: 10.64002/jq3hsm75

The Effect of Competitive CrossFit Exercises Using the Station Method on Developing Speed-Based Strength and Psychological Endurance among Middle School Students
type: item
description: The research problem was identified as the lack of modern, competitive methods among middle school students using the station method, which contribute to raising the level of physical and psychological fitness of the student. The research aims to develop a set of competitive CrossFit exercises using the station method to develop speed-based strength and psychological endurance for middle school students, and to examine the effect of competitive CrossFit exercises using the station method on developing speed-based strength and psychological endurance for middle school students. The researcher used the single experimental group method with pre- and post-tests. The process of determining the sample chosen by the researcher according to his research problem is one of the important steps to achieve his goals and hypotheses. The researcher chose his research sample from the students of Al-Hillah Intermediate School for Boys for the academic year (2024-2025), numbering (36) students, with (12) players for each stage. After that, the sample was tested with pre-tests for the researched (physical and psychological) abilities. After that, competitive CrossFit exercises were applied using the stations method, where the application period lasted two months, with (3) lessons per week, and the total curriculum amounted to (24) sessions. The researcher concluded that competitive CrossFit exercises using the stations method had a direct impact on developing the distinctive speed strength and psychological endurance of intermediate school students in Babil Governorate.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: competitive CrossFit exercises,
  topic: keywords
subject: stations method
  topic: keywords
subject: distinctive speed strength
  topic: keywords
creator: Asst. Dr. Ahmed Eshahab Abdul Hussein
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Damu Journal of Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-25
publication date: 2025-08-25
starting page: 164
ending page: 179
doi: 10.64002/75013s10

Values-Based Leadership and Its Impact on the Moral Self-Efficacy of Physical Education Supervisors in the Educational Supervision Department of the Nineveh Education Directorate
type: item
description: The research aimed to reveal the level of application of values-based leadership behaviors by the director of the Educational Supervision Department, and to reveal the level of possession of moral self-efficacy characteristics by physical education supervisors in the Educational Supervision Department. It also aimed to identify the nature of the relationship and impact of the educational supervision department director's possession of values-based leadership behaviors on the moral self-efficacy of physical education supervisors. The researcher relied on the descriptive approach using survey and correlation methods. The researcher defined the research community as educational supervisors working in the Educational Supervision Department of the Nineveh Education Directorate, numbering (455). The main research sample included all members of the research community using a comprehensive inventory method. To collect the necessary data for the research, the researcher conducted a survey. By preparing two questionnaires, the first to measure the level of values-based leadership of the director of the Educational Supervision Department, and the second to measure the level of moral self-efficacy of the department's physical education supervisors. After administering the two questionnaires and extracting the results, the researcher obtained a set of conclusions: - The high score on the values-based leadership questionnaire for the director of the Educational Supervision Department reflects the director's success in establishing a positive and sustainable work environment based on ethical values. This environment enhances the trust and loyalty of supervisors, improves performance and productivity, contributes to building a prestigious image for the department, and lays a strong foundation for continuous development and improvement. - The high score on the moral self-efficacy questionnaire for the physical education supervisors working in the Educational Supervision Department r…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Values-based leadership
  topic: keywords
subject: moral self-efficacy
  topic: keywords
subject: physical education supervisors
  topic: keywords
creator: Younis Faisal Iskandar Muhammad Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Damu Journal of Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-25
publication date: 2025-08-25
starting page: 145
ending page: 163
doi: 10.64002/4j4ap356

The Effect of the ADDIE Model Using Visual Reinforcement Tools on Students' Learning of Some Football Skills
type: item
description: The aim of the research was to develop educational units based on the ADDIE educational model using visual reinforcement tools and to identify the effect of ADDIE using visual reinforcement tools on students' learning of some football skills. The aim was to identify the superiority of the experimental and control groups in students' learning of some football skills. The researchers used the experimental approach because it suited the objectives and hypotheses of the research to the nature of the problem. The researchers defined the research community intentionally, consisting of 174 students from Al-Sudair Second Complementary School for Boys in the General Directorate of Education in Salah al-Din for the 2024-2025 academic year, divided into three classes. An experimental design was used for two equal, independent groups. The research sample was systematically randomly selected, comprising 30 students, 15 from Class A to represent the experimental group, and 15 from Class B to represent the control group. One of the most important findings of the research is the increased skill proficiency of students taught using the ADDIE model, as they demonstrated significant improvement in their skill performance in soccer compared to the other groups. This indicates the model's effectiveness in enhancing practical learning. One of the most important recommendations is to benefit from the application of the ADDIE model using visual reinforcement methods to maximize the educational process.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: ADDIE model
  topic: keywords
subject: visual reinforcement methods
  topic: keywords
subject: soccer
  topic: keywords
creator: Ismail Makni Namas
creator: Asst. Prof. Shaima Jassim Muhammad
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Damu Journal of Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-25
publication date: 2025-08-25
starting page: 126
ending page: 144
doi: 10.64002/61z4ky04

Classification and Selection of Junior Basketball Players in (Sports Talent Centers) According to the Most Important Physical Determinants and Physical and Motor Abilities
type: item
description: In order to achieve the research objectives, namely, classifying and selecting junior players according to the most important physical, motor, and motor abilities of junior basketball players in Iraq for the 2018-2019 sports season, the researchers had to take a set of procedures and measures to identify the factors that saturated the batteries. To this end, the descriptive approach was used, and the research sample was defined as (90) junior basketball players representing various specialized schools. The statistical package (SPSS) was used to process the data. Statistics after conducting physical and motor tests and body measurements. In light of the results, the following conclusions were reached: 1- In light of the measurements and tests related to the physical determinants and abilities studied, junior basketball players were classified into three categories representing the playing positions. 2- As a result of the factorial study of the determinants and abilities studied, three test batteries were derived, each representing a specific category of junior basketball players.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Classification and selection of juniors
  topic: keywords
subject: physical determinants
  topic: keywords
subject: physical and motor abilities
  topic: keywords
creator: Asst. Dr. Muhammad Hassan Shaalan
creator: Asst. Lect. Marwan Majid Hamid
creator: Asst. Dr. Shihab Ahmed Nemah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Damu Journal of Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-25
publication date: 2025-08-25
starting page: 110
ending page: 125
doi: 10.64002/6hen2288

Administrative Empowerment of Primary School Principals and Its Relationship to Job Stability for Physical Education Teachers in the Center of Nineveh Governorate from Their Perspective
type: item
description: The research aimed to identify the level of administrative empowerment of primary school principals, the level of job stability of physical education teachers in the center of Nineveh Governorate, and the relationship between administrative empowerment and job stability. A descriptive survey approach was used due to its suitability to the nature of the research. The sample included physical education teachers in the center of Nineveh Governorate, numbering (409) individuals. To collect data, the researchers used two scales for administrative empowerment and job stability, after verifying their validity and reliability. The data were processed using (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentage, alpha coefficient, and Pearson correlation coefficient) using the bag. (SPSS statistics). The researchers concluded that there was a high level of administrative empowerment, an average level of job stability, and no significant relationship between the dimensions of administrative empowerment and the types of job stability. This was accompanied by a significant negative relationship between delegation of authority and administrative stability. A significant relationship also appeared between delegation of authority and financial stability, and between teamwork and both administrative and financial stability. The researchers recommend encouraging teachers to face challenges to demonstrate their empowerment, and not marginalizing teachers from the planning process and participating in decision-making to ensure their stability in school.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Administrative Empowerment
  topic: keywords
subject: Job Stability
  topic: keywords
subject: Teachers
  topic: keywords
creator: Asst. Prof. Walid Amer Da'i Al-Ahmadi
creator: Asst. Radwan Taha Yassin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Damu Journal of Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-25
publication date: 2025-08-25
starting page: 92
ending page: 109
doi: 10.64002/z7q4r679

The Effect of Special Exercises on Developing Self-Talk and Preparation and Reception Skills in Female Volleyball Students
type: item
description: Self-talk is an important psychological factor that influences athletic performance, as it is used as a means of self-motivation and enhancing confidence. In team sports such as volleyball, self-talk can significantly impact individual and group performance. This research aims to study the effect of a set of exercises to help develop self-talk and basic skills for female volleyball students. The research problem was that many female students in physical education had difficulty acquiring the required basic skills and performing exercises efficiently. The researcher aimed to develop specific exercises using tools to help develop self-talk and basic volleyball skills for female students. The research population included 20 third-year female students at the College of Education for Girls. They were divided into two groups: 10 students in the experimental group and 10 students in the control group. Questionnaires were used to measure self-talk, and tests were used to assess basic skills. A training program including self-talk exercises and the skills studied was administered to the experimental group for six weeks, while the control group continued training provided by the subject instructor for the same period. The research results showed that the auxiliary exercises had a positive effect on self-talk, leading to improved basic volleyball skills. Therefore, enhancing self-talk is considered an essential part of sports training. The most important recommendations were: The auxiliary exercises proved effective in improving the level of positive self-talk among students, which positively impacted psychological and skill performance, enhancing the students' ability to perform basic volleyball skills more efficiently.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Special exercises
  topic: keywords
subject: self-talk
  topic: keywords
subject: preparation and reception skills
  topic: keywords
creator: Sarah Bashir Hassan
creator: Dr. Prof. Hamida Obaid Abdul Amir
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Damu Journal of Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-25
publication date: 2025-08-25
starting page: 69
ending page: 91
doi: 10.64002/j5f4st31

The effect of compound exercises with assistive devices on some bio motor abilities and technical performance in the 4x100m relay event for female students
type: item
description: During her years of study in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Kufa and her constant presence with the supervisors in field lessons, the researcher noted the presence of some obstacles in teaching the 4 x 100m relay running activity. These obstacles included the lack of support tools in the classroom, with only simple tools available. This impacted the specification of exercises by the subject's teachers. The research aims to: prepare compound exercises, provide supportive aids, and identify the effect of compound exercises using supportive aids on some biokinetic abilities and technical performance of female students in the 4 x 100m relay event. The most important conclusions are: The duration and number of units allocated to teaching the 4 x 100m relay event were sufficient to bring about positive changes in the studied research variables. The development of the research variables had a significant impact on the development of technical performance in the female students' 4 x 100m relay event. The compound exercises contributed to improving the students' muscular strength, which helps prevent common sports injuries in relay races.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Compound exercises
  topic: keywords
subject: supportive aids
  topic: keywords
subject: biokinetic abilities
  topic: keywords
creator: Asst. Prof. Sana Sami Rahim
creator: Prof. Dr. Muhammad Naji Shaker Abu Ghanim
creator: Prof. Dr. Muhammad Jassim Muhammad Al-Khalidi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Damu Journal of Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-25
publication date: 2025-08-25
starting page: 55
ending page: 68
doi: 10.64002/dzt4j974

The Effect of Verti Max Training on the Explosive Power and Accuracy of the Smash Skill in Volleyball Players
type: item
description: The Verti Max device is an effective device for sports training in all sports in general, and volleyball in particular. It works to develop the muscle's ability to contract with high intensity and also at high speed. This is suitable for performing most, if not all, modern volleyball skills, which require intense contraction and high speed, such as the volleyball smash skill. The problem lies in the fact that most coaches of this activity resort to training this skill as a single skill without linking it to another skill, or they do not choose different positions to perform this skill. We note that many players can perform one skill independently, but when linked to another skill, the level of performance decreases significantly. The research aims to develop exercises using the Verti Max device for volleyball players in the two experimental groups. The researchers used the experimental method by designing two equivalent experimental groups. The sample consisted of (12) players from the Al-Hussainiya Sports Club for the 2024-2025 season. The following conclusions were concluded: There is a clear improvement in the response speed of the experimental group compared to the control group. Verti Max exercises have a positive impact on developing the explosive power of the legs and arms of the experimental group. The combined exercises for developing the explosive power of the legs and arms led to an integrated performance of the skill of smashing and blocking, as achieved by the dimensional measurement of the experimental group.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Verty Max Training
  topic: keywords
subject: Explosive Power
  topic: keywords
subject: Volleyball
  topic: keywords
creator: Faiz Imad Hassan Al-Taie
creator: Asst. Prof. Dr. Muntadhar Sahib Mahdi
creator: Asst. Prof. Dr. Rafad Saad Hadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Damu Journal of Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-25
publication date: 2025-08-25
starting page: 36
ending page: 54
doi: 10.64002/7m0s7490

The effect of qualitative exercises on the development of agility, motor balance and rolling skill for football players aged 11-12 years
type: item
description: The importance of the research lies in the use or implementation of specific exercises that vary in their performance and are expected to develop the skills of agility, motor balance, and dribbling in soccer. The research problem, through field observations and repeated observations of matches by players at a specialized school in Nasiriyah District, revealed a clear deficiency in the time coaches allocate to developing the skills of agility and motor balance. Neglecting to develop these two skills is a direct cause of players' weak ability to respond effectively to sudden situations during the match, which negatively impacts the accuracy of skill execution. The research objectives were to identify the effect of specific exercises on developing the skills of agility, motor balance, and dribbling in soccer players aged 11-12 years. The researcher used the experimental method using the two equivalent groups, control and experimental, to suit its suitability for solving the research problem. The researcher deliberately defined the research community, which is junior football players at the Specialized Football Center in Dhi Qar Governorate for the season (2023-2024), with (28) officially registered players. The researcher then selected his research sample, which numbered (20) players. One of the most important conclusions is that the qualitative exercises designed using a scientific method that is appropriate for the level of the sample and the nature of the game, and the aids used, contributed to the development of the characteristics of agility, motor balance, and dribbling skills, thus positively reflecting on the level of the members of the experimental group.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: qualitative exercises
  topic: keywords
subject: characteristics of agility and balance
  topic: keywords
subject: football
  topic: keywords
creator: Asst. Dr. Mustafa Khaled Abdel Hassan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Damu Journal of Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-25
publication date: 2025-08-25
starting page: 16
ending page: 35
doi: 10.64002/qptf0d36

The effect of interactive speed training on the development of sensory-motor perception and volleyball reception skill for young women
type: item
description: The current study aimed to identify the effect of reactive speed training on developing sensorimotor perception and reception skills for young women's volleyball players at Al-Khalis Sports Club. The researcher used a single-group experimental approach with pre- and post-tests to suit the research problem. The research sample consisted of (13) young women's volleyball players at Al-Khalis Club, aged 15-17 years. (3) players were statistically excluded for non-compliance with the training sessions. The experimental group consisted of (10) players. The main experiment was conducted on the research sample for (6) weeks, with three sessions per week. After processing the results, the researcher reached the following main conclusions: Reactive speed training is highly effective in developing sensorimotor perception and reception skills in young women's volleyball. The most important recommendations were: The researcher recommends the need to consider reactive speed training in their training sessions to develop sensorimotor perception. and receiving skills.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: sensorimotor perception
  topic: keywords
subject: volleyball receiving
  topic: keywords
subject: Reactive speed
  topic: keywords
creator: Asst. Dr. Essam Saleh Mahdi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Damu Journal of Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-25
publication date: 2025-08-25
starting page: 7
ending page: 15
doi: 10.64002/4cr0p933

An Analytical Study of the Performance of Arab Men's Volleyball Teams in Bahrain 2024
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the performance level of the players of the three winning teams in the 23rd Arab Men's Volleyball Championship, held in the Kingdom of Bahrain in late 2024, and its relationship to the final ranking of these teams. The research problem was to identify the strengths that contributed to achieving the top positions, as well as to determine the reasons that led to the teams losing points or sets. The most important objective of the research was to present a scientific analysis of the level of effectiveness of Arab players' performance, contributing to the development of training methods by identifying the skills that most influence match results. This study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of the players' technical and skill performance in general in this tournament, in which eight teams participated, and its relationship to their rankings. The research procedures consisted of choosing a descriptive study methodology using a survey method. The study relied on the methodology Quantitative and descriptive analysis of players' technical or skill performance was conducted by collecting statistical data from matches and analyzing it using sports performance analysis software. A questionnaire was prepared to select the most important skills that influence points. From the results of the statistical analysis, the researchers concluded that there is a strong correlation between the overall skill performance efficiency and the final ranking of the teams. The researcher recommended the adoption of digital performance analysis to periodically evaluate the performance of players and teams, and to increase participation in high-level international tournaments to raise the level of exposure and benefit from advanced schools in the game.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Analytical study
  topic: keywords
subject: Arab national teams
  topic: keywords
subject: volleyball
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Mohammed Hassan Abbas Al-Wazni
creator: Dr. Najah Abdul Amir Abboud
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Damu Journal of Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-25
publication date: 2025-06-25
starting page: 449
ending page: 462
doi: 10.64002/zw8cc511

The Effect of Compound Exercises with Assistive Devices on Developing Static and Dynamic Visual Ability and the Skill of Underhand Serving in Volleyball for Female Students
type: item
description: The aim of the research is to prepare compound exercises with assistive devices to develop static and dynamic visual ability and develop underhand serve in volleyball for female students. It is also to identify the effect of compound exercises with assistive devices on developing static and dynamic visual ability in female students. The researchers used the experimental method with a two-group equivalent design, as it is the most appropriate and closest to solving the research problem. The research population included (27) third-year female students in the College for Girls / Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / University of Kufa for the academic year (2024-2025). One of the researchers' most important conclusions was that the use of compound exercises using assistive devices significantly impacted the development of the skills studied in the experimental group. Furthermore, the superiority of compound exercises using assistive devices and their effectiveness over the curriculum followed in the lesson on the level of performance in the skills (under study) in volleyball was evident. Furthermore, the experimental group outperformed the control group in the post-tests (development of the visual abilities under study, technical performance, and accuracy of the skill of the underhand serve in volleyball.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Compound exercises
  topic: keywords
subject: fixed and dynamic visual ability
  topic: keywords
subject: volleyball
  topic: keywords
creator: Asawir Abdul-Hussein Obaid
creator: Asst. Prof. Nisreen Hassan Naji
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Damu Journal of Sport Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-25
publication date: 2025-06-25
starting page: 429
ending page: 448
doi: 10.64002/z0skm031