An Analytical Study of Selected Foot Arch Values and Their Relationship with Certain Kinematic Variables of the Volleyball Spike Skill

Abstract

performance variables among the players of the University of Basra volleyball team, and to determine the nature of the relationship between them. Volleyball is considered a complex skill-based sport that requires high precision in movement analysis and performance evaluation. The importance of this research stems from the need in the academic and athletic fields for accurate scientific information based on laboratory measurements and modern technological tools, especially given the decline in the performance level of the spike skill among Iraqi university players in recent years.

The researcher used the descriptive survey method, as it is suitable for the nature of the problem. A sample of (10) high spikers was selected after excluding the setter and libero. The research relied on a set of tools, such as the Daynafoot device for measuring arch indicators and the Kinovea software for rapid kinematic analysis, in addition to video recording at 240 frames/second to obtain accurate information on movement angles, speed, and distances. The practical aspect involved conducting tests of the high smash and measuring foot arch indices, followed by an analysis of kinematic variables such as final step speed, knee angle, take-off angle, body launch angle, and hip height at the moment of impact. The results revealed clear differences between the right and left foot values in weight distribution and movement time, in addition to differences between high and fast hitters in kinematic variables. Significant correlations were also demonstrated between certain foot arch variables and skill performance variables.