Plagiarism Policy

Plagiarism is the act of using another person’s ideas, words, data, or creative work without proper acknowledgment. It is a serious violation of academic and publishing ethics and may also constitute a breach of copyright law.

Plagiarism includes, but is not limited to:

• Copying text word-for-word or paraphrasing significant portions of another author’s work without proper citation.

• Using figures, tables, or equations from other sources without appropriate acknowledgment or permission.

All submitted manuscripts are screened using Turnitin plagiarism detection software to ensure originality and academic integrity.

Manuscripts that show evidence of plagiarism will be immediately rejected.

If plagiarism is discovered after publication, the article will be retracted in accordance with the journal’s Retraction Policy.