The Effect of Gradual Small-Sided Game Intensity Under Varied Tactical Situations on Developing Cognitive Effort and Decision-Making Quality Among Primary School Students in Futsal

Abstract

This study aims to identify the effect of gradually increasing the intensity of small-sided games, when applied within varied tactical situations, on developing cognitive effort and the quality of decision-making among fifth-grade primary school students in futsal.

The researchers used an experimental method with a two-group design (control and experimental) including pre- and post-tests. The sample consisted of 20 students, randomly divided into two equal groups. The experimental group underwent an educational program based on small-sided games with progressively increasing intensity (in terms of number of players, space, and time), implemented within tactical situations that simulate real-game environments. Meanwhile, the control group received traditional instruction.

Cognitive effort was measured using the NASA-TLX scale, and decision-making quality was assessed through a field test based on visualized game situations.

The results showed statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental group in both variables. The study recommends integrating progressively structured small-sided games into physical education curricula as an effective teaching approach that enhances tactical thinking and decision-making among students.